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Minggu, 20 Juli 2008

ECOMETHANE

The Aguascalientes
EcoMethane Landfill Gas Project
Waste to energy: mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) at a landfill gas project in Mexico

What is Aguascalientes?
The first of its kind to be registered with the CDM in Mexico, The Aguascalientes EcoMethane Landfill Gas (LFG) project was developed to address the LFG emissions from two local landfills, San Nicolas and Cumbres. In addition to reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) through capture and flaring of the LFG, the project has also installed 2-4 MW of electricity which reduces fossil-fueled grid energy. As such, the project provides a strong example of how the CDM can be used to address climate change while also encouraging the goals of sustainable development.
Why Landfill Gas?
When organic materials decompose in landfills, methane (CH4) is released. Methane has 21 times the global warming potential of CO2; however, its impacts can be mitigated if landfill methane is captured and flared or used to generate electricity.
While the primary concern over methane emissions is related to its potency as a greenhouse gas (GHG), emissions of LFG can also have significant local health and safety implications. Concentrated LFG can cause asphyxiation and/or toxic effects in humans, and contains over 150 trace components that can cause other local and global environmental
problems such as unpleasant odor, ozone layer depletion, and smog due to ground-level ozone creation.
In the case of Aguascalientes, the Cumbres landfill was opened in 1986 and operated as a sanitary landfill until its closure in 1998. The San Nicolas landfill was subsequently opened in 1999, and will remain open through 2010. Both landfills are owned by the municipal government, and prior to the Aguascalientes project, no systems existed to actively capture or flare the LFG. Moreover, there was no economic incentive or support to develop LFG projects in Mexico, due primarily to the cost of implementation. As such, landfills in Mexico like those at Aguascalientes continued to contribute to climate change while forgoing clean energy opportunities.
Waste to Energy
The Aguascalientes LFG project was developed by EcoMethane, a joint venture between EcoSecurities and Biogas Technology, to finance, construct, and operate a project that would capture and make productive use of the methane emissions from the local landfills. The project involved

A schematic of how LFG projects work.
investing in a highly efficient gas collection system, flaring equipment, and a modular electricity generation plant with an installed capacity between 2-4 MW which combusts the LFG to produce electricity for export to the grid. The system was also designed to be flexible so that it can be easily extended to different parts of the landfill in the future.

Project Type Landfill Gas to Energy
Registration Date April 23, 2005
Operational Start Date June 1, 2006
Time Span 10 year crediting period, more than 20 year lifespan
Reductions 1,625,926 t CO2e over the life of the project
Partner Organizations Biogas Technology Ltd

FIRE OF WATER

ENERGY ALTERNATIVE FROM INDONESIA
FIRE OF WATER

crowded Term Blue Energy sudden in the current week because news [in] newspaper which bombast enough by saying that this Blue Energy Version Indonesia [of] elementary materials [of] sea water. Even this fuel also only by using diesel engine, without modification again. Please read its its [his] Mr. President SBY
Blue Energy or Oil Indonesia Coalescing [is] made of [by] synthetic fuel [is] hydrogen molecule substitution and un satiated Carbon. Process of him [is] equal to fossil oil, but with much more low emission rate
Bali : President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Monday ( 3 / 12) evening, accepting Heru Lelono report, Chief Team Blue Energy, about growth attempt [of] fuel of[is non named [by] fossil [is] Blue Energy or Oil Indonesia Coalesce. Blue Energy or Oil Indonesia Coalescing [is] made of [by] synthetic fuel [is] hydrogen molecule substitution and unsatiated Carbon. Process of him [is] equal to fossil oil, but with much more low emission rate
entourage Vehicle [of] berbahan burn Blue Energy leave from residency [of] SBY [in] Beautiful Puri Cikeas [of] Sunday ( 25 / 11) evening. [In] Bali, this entourage follow water clean eksebisi, vehicle clean and fuel clean go together carrying out of International Conference [of] Climate Change on 3-14 December 2007. " Our taking part in is to indicate that Indonesian nation child can look for answer to problem faced, specially hit fuel," Heru word to journalist
According to Heru, car type which enter in team for example two Ford Ranger 2500 CC, one Isuzu Panther 2500 CC Diesel, one Mazda Familia 1800 CC and also one Bus Mitsubishi 4000 CC. " Entire/All that car can reach Denpasar, and direct checked [by] [in] workshop provided with appliance test emission from PBB. Its Result, entire/all car in a condition very good," clear [of] Heru
Team Expedition Blue Energy also have tried to use the sintetis oil [at] diesel engine [in] Plateau Dieng. " Usually if using diesel fuel fuel will be direct [of] frost if hushed [by] semalaman. But sintetis oil have been tried [by] semalaman over there, and direct morning after [of] start us in the reality can " Heru word, consorted [by] Jubir President, Andi A. Mallarangeng
Word Andi, President SBY greet creative efforts goodness [of] nation child to look for alternative energi of[is non fossil. " Whether thatBio Fuel, Energi Surya and wind. And in consequence, President support such efforts and expect that efforts can become big scale effort which can fulfill requirement [of] our energi," [is] clear [of] Andi close performed [a] [by] news conference [in front/ahead] of Cobweb Ballroom, Hotel Nikko, Nusa Two, Bali.
What is blue energy .....?????
[There] no one correct sentence which I find to define Blue Energy. Term Blue energy only term which [is] often weared to name the source of friendly energy producer [of] environment. Blue [is] often considered to be blue sky manifestation and or free and clear blue sea [of] pollution. There [is] also which [is] term as energy green, because assumed [by] friendly energy [of] environment
Source of energy which mentioned over and over as Blue Energy oftentimes stem from source of new energy [is] including the source of non-fossil energy, or more precisely the non energy based carbon, its meaning [of] its base materials non in the form of enchaining carbon. For Example Energy Water Sea, Energy Geothermal, Energy Wind, sun energy, and others
But as long as history journey, carbon energy still represent easiest energy to be processed and got, transport [is] also exploited. Including in it [is] Bio energy. Bio Energy alone still represent Carbon Based, or still in the form of carbon network. Source of this Bio energy can stem from Biogas, Bio Ethanol, castor oil, cooking oil ( CPO-CRUNE Palm Oil) turned into [is] Bio diesel etc

Elementary Materials Energy[of] Carbon ( Carbon Based Energy)
Initially combustion [of] carbon as this source of power [is] started from coal exploiting or charcoal stone which [is] course still represent carbon network ( C). But in course of exploiting or conversion its It s [his], this stone charcoal [is] burned [is] off hand wear to heat water. Warm-Up irrigate this which change hot energy become pressure energy and cause movement [of] piston. And that's initially steam engine by James Watt. What finally piston energy condense also can yield electrics like PLTUAP ( materials burn coal
Petroleum upon which burn is present day.
that Carbon fuel [is] including fossil fuel ( oil, coal and gas) as well as in fact Bio ethanol and Biogas-Pun of[is including Carbon Based Energy, its intention represent energy steaming from combustion enchain H-C ( Hydrogen And Carbon). In this Carbon Based Energy exploiting [is] needed [by] combustion engine ( combustible) in yielding energy to be weared. this Based energy Carbon start crowded when met [by] oil drilled by the end of 1800-an. In Indonesia seeking [of] its oil also have very old, even Talaga Said well ( Sumatra North) including [both/ second] drilling [in] world. drilled [by] year 1885
Petroleum exploiting alone finally mount sharply since year 1950-an ( PD II pasca) because [is] also supported by invention [of] combustion engine which finally locking ( terkunci) [among/between] motor machine burn with its fuel. locking [of] Machine with this fuel cause requirement [of] coal decline sharply in its use. Become declining it use [of] this coal non effect of coal decreasing reserve and also [his/its] production
At the height of technology and also the make-up of human life level, requirement [of] energy mount. requirement [of] Petroleum of course mount as according to standard of living. Progressively the increasing of requirement [of] this petroleum cause oil price continue up One side finally exactly claim human being to file down other fuel so that needn't re-engine but making oil made in ( synfuel)
1. Synfuel dari Coal Gasification:
• Gasification 2C + ½O2 + H2O → 2CO + H2
• Water gas shift CO + H2O → H2 + CO2
• F-T reaction CO + 2H2 → CH2 + H2O
• Net reaction 2C + H2O+ ½O2 → CH2 + CO2
This process need 2C and semi O2 and yield one CO2 to each ;every produced CH2. Its meaning replace oil with synthetic fuel from coal ( syn fuel coal) will duplicate till 3 times fold use [of] coal and yield twofold CO2(F-T or Fischer- Tropsch reaction is reacted (2n+1)H2 + nCO → CnH(2n+2) + nH2O
2. Synfue lfrom Coal Gasification + H2 H2 from dissociation [of] water:
• Gasification C + 1/4O2 + 1/2H2O → CO + 1/2H2
• Water-splitting 3/2H2O + Energy → 3/2H2 + 3/4O2
• F-T reaction CO + 2H2 → CH2 + H2O
• Net reaction C + H2O + Energy → CH2 + 1/2O2
With addition [of] hydrogen ( H2) in course of this have improved the process of synfuel from coal. requirement [of] Carbon become to decrease half from previously. and [THERE] NO CO2 which follow to be produced
3. Synfuel from CO2 arrest ( CO2 Capture + H2 from dissociation [of] water ( Water-Splitting Reverse Water Gas Shift CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O
• Reverse Water Gas Shift CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O
• F-T reaction CO + 2H2 → CH2 + H2O
• Water-splitting 3H2O + Energy → 3H2 + 3/2O2
• Net reaction CO2 + H2O + Energy → CH2 + 3/2O2
There] no needed coal as source of Carbon. requiring CO2 to produce one part of CH2. And when CH2 burned [by] hence CO2 emission become zero because its process take CO2
CO2 where from ?
How if now ITS it[him] [is] also taken away from [by] air. Hiya Loooh might possibly, kan ?. (It) is true really there [is] a CO2 arrest method from the air, its appliance also there [are] CO2 capturing. One of them by exploiting discharged carbon by gas flue referred [as]

Flue Gas
Powerplant ( generating) coal fuel equal to 1000MW yielding 5.5 million CO2 of tons / year or predict to predict ( 14,500 tons / day). [In] just american about 53% ( 0.38TWh) from totalizeing its power station use coal and yield 2 CO2 of tons billion / this year [is] the same totalize required CO2 for the transportation of in one year !! Become with recycle “ gas flue” or gas flue have can cut 50% carbon emission
Earn [is] also weared with CO2 the capturer from the air. Yes catch free from the air. Even in this time have been produced [by] although still for the research of that is CO2 arrest from the air like side this
Become by totally if all these process have become process which can be [done/conducted] in a sinthetic oil factory will happened process recycle really blue carbon

BIODATA :
BAYU HADI PRASETYO born 17 juni 1988.
SMK Kr PETRA SURABAYA MAJORS OTOMOTIF&
kuliah [in] AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY MAJORS INFORMATION SYSTEM
EMAIL : bayuuw@gmail.com

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Para pembaca yang terhormat,

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Omset Transaksi Bisnis Lewat Internet di Jatim Capai Puluhan Miliar Rupiah

Omset Transaksi Bisnis Lewat Internet di Jatim Capai Puluhan Miliar Rupiah

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